Appendix

Cybersecurity Recommendations

Cybersecurity is more than just a buzzword: it's something that pertains to every device that is connected to the internet. IP video surveillance is not immune to cyber risks, but taking basic steps toward protecting and strengthening networks and networked appliances will make them less susceptible to attacks. Below are some tips and recommendations on how to create a more secured security system.

Mandatory actions to be taken for basic equipment network security:

1. Use Strong Passwords

Please refer to the following suggestions to set passwords:

• The length should not be less than 8 characters;
• Include at least two types of characters; character types include upper and lower case letters, numbers and symbols;
• Do not contain the account name or the account name in reverse order;
• Do not use continuous characters, such as 123, abc, etc.;
• Do not use overlapped characters, such as 111, aaa, etc.;

2. Update Firmware and Client Software in Time

• According to the standard procedure in Tech-industry, we recommend to keep your equipment (such as NVR, DVR, IP camera, etc.) firmware up-to-date to ensure the system is equipped with the latest security patches and fixes. When the equipment is connected to the public network, it is recommended to enable the "auto-check for updates" function to obtain timely information of firmware updates released by the manufacturer.
• We suggest that you download and use the latest version of client software.

"Nice to have" recommendations to improve your equipment network security:

1. Physical Protection

We suggest that you perform physical protection to equipment, especially storage devices. For example, place the equipment in a special computer room and cabinet, and implement well-done access control permission and key management to prevent unauthorized personnel from carrying out physical contacts such as damaging hardware, unauthorized connection of removable equipment (such as USB flash disk, serial port), etc.

2. Change Passwords Regularly

We suggest that you change passwords regularly to reduce the risk of being guessed or cracked.

3. Set and Update Passwords Reset Information Timely

The equipment supports password reset function. Please set up related information for password reset in time, including the end user's mailbox and password protection questions. If the information changes, please modify it in time. When setting password protection questions, it is suggested not to use those that can be easily guessed.

4. Enable Account Lock

The account lock feature is enabled by default, and we recommend you to keep it on to guarantee the account security. If an attacker attempts to log in with the wrong password several times, the corresponding account and the source IP address will be locked.

5. Change Default HTTP and Other Service Ports

We suggest you to change default HTTP and other service ports into any set of numbers between 1024~65535, reducing the risk of outsiders being able to guess which ports you are using.

6. Enable HTTPS

We suggest you to enable HTTPS, so that you visit Web service through a secure communication channel.

7. Enable Whitelist

We suggest you to enable whitelist function to prevent everyone, except those with specified IP addresses, from accessing the system. Therefore, please be sure to add your computer's IP address and the accompanying equipment's IP address to the whitelist.

8. MAC Address Binding

We recommend you to bind the IP and MAC address of the gateway to the equipment, thus reducing the risk of ARP spoofing.

9. Assign Accounts and Privileges Reasonably

According to business and management requirements, reasonably add users and assign a minimum set of permissions to them.

10. Disable Unnecessary Services and Choose Secure Modes

If not needed, it is recommended to turn off some services such as SNMP, SMTP, UPnP, etc., to reduce risks.

If necessary, it is highly recommended that you use safe modes, including but not limited to the following services:

• SNMP: Choose SNMP v3, and set up strong encryption passwords and authentication passwords.
• SMTP: Choose TLS to access mailbox server.
• FTP: Choose SFTP, and set up strong passwords.
• AP hotspot: Choose WPA2-PSK encryption mode, and set up strong passwords.

11. Audio and Video Encrypted Transmission

If your audio and video data contents are very important or sensitive, we recommend that you use encrypted transmission function, to reduce the risk of audio and video data being stolen during transmission.

12. Secure Auditing

• Check online users: we suggest that you check online users regularly to see if the device is logged in without authorization.
• Check equipment log: By viewing the logs, you can know the IP addresses that were used to log in to your devices and their key operations.

13. Network Log

Due to the limited storage capacity of the equipment, the stored log is limited. If you need to save the log for a long time, it is recommended that you enable the network log function to ensure that the critical logs are synchronized to the network log server for tracing.

14. Construct a Safe Network Environment

In order to better ensure the safety of equipment and reduce potential cyber risks, we recommend:

• Disable the port mapping function of the router to avoid direct access to the intranet devices from external network.
• The network should be partitioned and isolated according to the actual network needs. If there are no communication requirements between two sub networks, it is suggested to use VLAN, network GAP and other technologies to partition the network, so as to achieve the network isolation effect.
• Establish the 802.1x access authentication system to reduce the risk of unauthorized access to private networks.

Glossary

The abbreviations in this glossary are related to the Manual.

HDD Capacity Calculation

Calculate total capacity needed by each DVR according to video recording (video recording type and video file storage time).

According to Formula (1) to calculate storage capacity q_i that is the capacity of each channel needed for each hour, unit MB.

In the formula: d_i means the bit rate, unit Kbit/s

After video time requirement is confirmed, according to Formula (2) to calculate the storage capacity m_i, which is storage of each channel needed unit MB.

In the formula:

• h_i means the recording time for each day (hour)
• D_i means number of days for which the video shall be kept

According to Formula (3) to calculate total capacity (accumulation) q_T that is needed for all channels in the DVR during scheduled video recording.

In the formula: c means total number of channels in one DVR

According to Formula (4) to calculate total capacity (accumulation) q_T that is needed for all channels in DVR during alarm video recording (including motion detection).

In the formula: a% means alarm occurrence rate

You can refer to the following table for the file size in one hour per channel. (All the data listed below are for reference only.)

Compatible Backup Devices

Appendix 4.1 Compatible USB list

Appendix 4.2 Compatible SD Card list

Appendix 4.3 Compatible Portable HDD list

Appendix 4.4 Compatible USB DVD List

Appendix 4.5 Compatible SATA DVD List

Appendix 4.6 Compatible SATA HDD List

Compatible CD/DVD Burner List

Compatible Displayer List

Please refer to the following table form compatible displayer list.